ABSTRACT
Objective:To explore<italic> </italic>the efficacy and mechanism of Danggui Shaoyaosan on rats of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD）. Method:Sixrty SPF SD male rats were randomly divided into normal group， model group，essentiale （0.144 g·kg<sup>-1</sup>） and low， middle and high-dose of Danggui Shaoyaosan groups （2.44， 4.88， 9.76 g·kg<sup>-1</sup>）. High fat diet were fed to bulid the NAFLD model， and each treatment group was given corresponding drugs at the same time. After 8 weeks， the serum and liver tissue were collected to detect the contents or activities of total cholesterol （TC）， triglyceride （TG）， alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， aspartic acid aminotransferase （AST）， tumor necrosis factor-<italic>α</italic> （TNF-<italic>α</italic>） and interleukin-10 （IL-10） in serum， the contents of TC， TG and free fatty acid （FFA） in liver tissue， Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR） and Western blot were used to observe the gene and protein expressions of Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4）， myeloid different factory 88 （MyD88） and c-Jun n-terminal kinase （JNK） and the protein expression of phosphorylation JNK（p-JNK） in liver tissue. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining and Oil red staining to observe the pathological morphological changes of liver. Result:Compared with control group， the contents or activities of TC， TG， ALT， AST and TNF-<italic>α</italic> in serum， the contents of TC， TG and FFA in liver and the gene and protein expressions of TLR4， MyD88， JNK， and the protein expression of p-JNK in liver tissue of model group were distinctly increased （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， the content of IL-10 was significantly decreased （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Compared with model group， the contents or activities of TC， TG， ALT， AST and TNF-<italic>α</italic> in serum， the contents of TC， TG and FFA in liver and the mRNA and protein expressions of TLR4， MyD88 and JNK， and the protein expression of p-JNK in liver tissue of Danggui Shaoyaosan groups were significantly reduced （<italic>P</italic><0.05，<italic>P</italic><0.01）， the content of IL-10 in serum of Danggui Shaoyaosan groups was distinctly increased（<italic>P</italic><0.05，<italic>P</italic><0.01）， HE staining and Oil red staining show that the degree of liver steatosis was alleviated obviously by Danggui Shaoyaosan. Conclusion:Danggui Shaoyaosan has a better treatment on NAFLD by inhibiting TLR4/MyD88/JNK pathway and alleviating the inflammation response.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To observe Plantaginis Semen's mechanism in treating diarrhea by observing the effect on inflammatory factors in serum and mRNA and protein expressions of aquaporin4 (AQP4) in colon tissue of diarrhea rats. Method:Senne Folium was orally administered to duplicate diarrhea rats. Sixty male SD rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, hydrochlorothiazide group (9 mg·kg-1), and low, middle, and high-dose Plantaginis Semen groups (0.95, 1.9, 3.8 g·kg-1). Senne Folium (20 mL·kg-1) was intragastrically administered in 5 groups in the morning, except for normal group that was orally given the same dose of distilled water. In the afternoon, each treatment group was orally given the corresponding drugs, while normal group and model group were orally given the same dose of distilled water. The loose stool rate, average degree of loose stool, and diarrhea index were compared according to fecal traits and stool times after 14 days of treatment. The serum and colon tissue were collected to detect the contents of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in serum. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the pathological morphological changes of colon tissue, and quantiative Real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR) and Western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expressions of AQP4 in colon tissue. Result:In the model group, the loose stool rate, average degree of loose stool, and diarrhea index were significantly increased (P<0.01), apoptosis and necrosis were observed in the epidermal cells of colonic mucosa, telangiectasia and congestion in lamina propria were obvious, and a few neutrophils were infiltrated, and the contents of TNF-α, IL-6 and CRP in serum increased (P<0.05, P<0.01), the mRNA and protein expressions of AQP4 significantly decreased (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the loose stool rate, average degree of loose stool, and diarrhea index were significantly decreased in low, middle, and high-dose Plantaginis Semen groups (P<0.01), the apoptosis and necrosis of epidermal cells, telangiectasia and hyperemia and neutrophil infiltration in colonic mucosa were obviously improved, and the contents of TNF-α and CRP in serum significantly decreased (P<0.05, P<0.01), the mRNA and protein expressions of AQP4 increased （P<0.05, P<0.01）. Conclusion:Plantaginis Semen has a better antidiarrheal effect, and its mechanism may be related to inhibition of inflammatory reaction, repair of pathological damage of colonic mucosa, up-regulation of AQP4 expression and promotion of water and fluid metabolism.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To observe the effect and mechanism of Jiedu Hugan decoction on drug-induced liver injury in rats by detecting serum liver function, serum biomarkers, inflammatory factors, macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (MIP-1β). Method: The rat model of drug-induced liver injury was induced by acetaminophen (1 g·kg-1) orally once daily for 30 days. The sixty male adult Wistar rats were divided into five groups, control group,model group,administered silybin group(44.1 mg·kg-1), Jiedu Hugan decoction high, medium and low dose groups (63,31.5,15.75 g·kg-1), normal group and model group were given normal saline gavage, and the other groups were given corresponding liquid gavage for 30 days. After the experiment, the abdominal aorta separation take blood serum aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), enzyme for oxygen p1 (PON1) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH), arginine (ARG), purine nucleotide phosphorylase (PNP), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-6(IL-6) content. Pathological morphological changes of liver tissues were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The protein expression of MIP-1β was observed by immunohistochemistry. The protein expression of MIP-2 was observed by single fluorescence immunohistochemistry, and the contents of TNF-α and IL-6 in liver homogenate were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Result: Compared with normal group, levels of AST, ALT, DBIL, PON1, ARG, GLDH, MDH, PNP and TNF-α in model group were significantly increased (PPPPα in liver injury rats(PPβ protein expression, detoxification protect liver soup effect of the optimal dose group, the pathological morphology of liver cell dosage group were with different degree of protection. Conclusion: The effect of Jiedu Hugan decoction in medium dose group is better, and its mechanism may affect the chemotaxis of neutrophils induced by MIP-2 and MIP-1β by reducing the content of TNF-α, thus inhibiting the release of inflammatory factors and preventing inflammation.